Choosing Between Nonstick and Stainless Steel Cookware

When shopping for cookware, people often wonder if they should opt for nonstick cookware or regular uncoated stainless steel. There's much to consider when selecting new pots and pans (even eco-friendly cookware is an option), so it's a good idea to understand the pros and cons to both varieties. It's mostly a matter of personal preference—keep the foods you frequently cook in mind so you can select the best pans for the job.

While you can purchase almost any type of cookware online, if you're new to the process, it's best to go to a store. You'll want to feel, lift, and inspect the quality of many different pans. It's also helpful to see the pans in person in order to gauge the circumference of the cookware—sometimes online product photos do not give you a size scale for reference.

Nonstick

Nonstick cookware is easy to use and clean, as the slick coating helps to keep food from sticking, and it's easy to clean afterward. Health-conscious cooks like that they can use a lot less oil than they would with uncoated cookware.

That helpful cooking surface also carries some potential risks. Certain scientists, environmentalists, and consumer advocacy groups have concerns about the chemicals used to make many of the nonstick coatings on the market, such as PTFE (most commonly known as Teflon). The chemical of most concern is PFOA. Fortunately, The Environmental Protection Agency asked major chemical manufacturers to phase out the use of PFOA, and Teflon has been PFOA-free since 2013.

Using nonstick cookware will not expose you to PFOA, as the chemical is only in evidence in the manufacturing process and does not end up in the finished press non stick cookware. Exposing nonstick pans to very high temperatures will, however, release other potentially toxic chemicals into the air, so if you use nonstick pans, take precautions:

Never heat a pan empty on a burner.

Keep your burner on medium or low.

Throw out a pan if its coating is starting to chip or flake.

Lastly, nonstick pans simply can’t achieve the searing and browning effect that an uncoated stainless steel pan does. Instead, food more or less steams in its own juices. You can also find more eco-friendly nonstick finishes on the market, such as the ceramic coating on Bialetti cookware.

Stainless Steel

Uncoated stainless pans do a great job at producing that beautiful and delicious browning (called the maillard reaction). They’re more durable since there’s not a coating to be concerned about protecting. As long as the handles are made of heatproof material, they’re usually oven-safe. The drawback is that burnt-on food can require some elbow grease to get off (try an abrasive cleanser like Bon Ami or Barkeeper’s Friend).

What Should I Get?

Buy one or two nonstick skillets for cooking eggs, pancakes, and other foods that are known to stick to a pan, but invest in high-quality uncoated stainless steel for the rest of your cookware, such as fry pan, and look at eco-friendly cookware selections too. For instance, there’s no need for a nonstick coating in saucepans or pots, where the contents are mostly liquid.

Spending each morning at the kitchen sink scraping at the charred remains of breakfast gets tedious after a while. Forged Non-stick cookware may seem like an appealing alternative — but is it safe?

Usually when people inquire about the safety of their non-stick cookware set, they're talking about the brand Teflon, said Suzanne Fenton, a reproductive endocrinologist at the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina. Also known as polytertrafluoroethylene (PTFE), this clear plastic is used to coat metal pots and pans, giving them a waxy, easy-to-clean surface — and for decades, scientists have debated whether it's safe for cooking.

Experts tend to agree that Teflon itself isn’t a problem. The coating itself is considered non-toxic. Even if you ingest small flakes of it, it passes right through you. But some experts are concerned about what happens when Teflon gets too hot. "When pans are overheated, that PTFE coating begins to disintegrate," Fenton told Live Science. As Teflon breaks down, it releases a host of toxic gases. In rare instances, breathing in these chemical fumes can cause polymer fume fever, a condition characterized by a high fever, shortness of breath and weakness. These gases also deadly to birds — lightbulbs coated in Teflon have wiped out poultry houses. Of particular concern is perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the chemicals released when Teflon pans heat up. Long-term exposure to PFOA is linked to a host of conditions from cancer to thyroid disease, Fenton said.